Read seed drop or plants per acre from table below (intersection of line and column). Applications of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides should be made in a way that works with narrow row spacing. Narrow rows (15 or 18 in) were compared to wide rows (30 or 36 in). Wide rows are also easier to drive through to spray or cultivate. "This doesn't mean that widening rows in order to use a larger planter is unsound, but those making the decision to do this should pencil in about 1.5 bushel less yield," he said. is relatively lower in the central-western areas. Two Nebraska On-Farm Research data-intensive management studies in 2018 showed no statistical yield difference in see… In spite of thisclear advantage, row spacing preferences vary greatly acrossNorth America, and 30-inch row soybeans are common andeven gaining in many areas. Add 000, as all counts are in thousands. Horst Bohner, the soybean specialist for OMAFRA, will tell you the established soybean dogma is that if you go to wider rows, you will give up yield potential, which in turn is best mitigated by planting early. If brown stem rot, soybean cyst nematode, or white mold are issues in your fields, narrow-row soybean will be affected more severely. A systems approach to row spacing The depth of seed placement and the distance from the adjacent row both influence crop performance. The primary reason for this advantage is light utilization; canopy closure is approximately 15 days earlier in 15-inch rows compared to 30-inch rows. Ground applications can be made perpendicular to the row. A U of I study over the past two years funded by the Illinois Soybean Association compared 15-inch and 30-inch soybean rows, at different planting dates and seeding rates, over six sites in Illinois. Elmore, R.W., R.S. The 30-inch plot pictured above yielded 59 bushels per acre while the 15- and 7.5-inch plots pictured yielded 81 and 85 bushels per acre, respectively. This difference varied among the sites, from no difference to up to nearly four bushels per acre. While NR prevails in the eastern and northern areas, its adoption . Copyright © 2020 Iowa State University of Science and Technology. Most corn planters are set to plant 30-inch rows, and 15-inch soybeans are generally planted by using split-row units placed between the 30-inch rows. contained within may not be the most current and accurate depending on when it is accessed. This opens the possibility of achieving higher yields and profit margins in soybean years while at least maintaining the status quo in corn years. Another reason given for moving from narrow soybean rows to 30-inch rows is that white mold tends to be more severe when the ground and the lower crop canopy stay wet. Effect of row width on soybean yield from experiments in Iowa. Subscribe to receive email alerts when new information is posted. Wright, D., A. Lenssen, and V. Schmitt. Corn planted in twin rows should have uniform triangular spacing. Rapid canopy closure can also help reduce soil moisture loss and erosion. Row spacings were 14 and 28 inches. They were seeding there soybeans with 1895 jd disc drills considered to be the best drill out there for soybeans. rows, and 15-in. Most of these studies have concluded that planting soybean in narrow rows will increase … Solid seeded soybeans are those planted in row widths of less than 10 inches, and commonly in a 7-inch row spacing. If you plant corn in 20-inch rows soybeans will be planted in 20-inch rows. Figure 1. G90-963. Soybeans grown in narrow rows (≤ 15 inches) tend to out-yield soybean produced in wide row width (30 inches) due to increased sunlight interception in narrow rows. The trials included the evaluation of row spacing, seeding rate, planting dates, and fertility for both a group III and IV variety. Narrow-row soybean. What type of fertilizer do you recommend for growing Eagle soybeans? Row spacing goes quite a ways in determining soybean seed cost and in-season treatments. Most research suggests that drilled or 15-inch row spacing, compared to 30-inch rows, tends to yield better over time. Reduction of row spacing to between 7 to 15 inches will increase yields and reduce competition due to weeds. In June, the soybeans planted in 30-inch rows looked better than the soybeans planted in 15- and 7.5-inch row widths. (No studies in sandy soils). With funding from Ohio … Agriculture Online Crop Talk member JeffO is considering making the switch to 15s. All rights reserved. Most corn planters are set to plant 30-inch rows, and 15-inch soybeans are generally planted by using split-row units placed between the 30-inch rows. Drilled soybeans will reach canopy a little quicker, which is a good thing. Opting not to split large planters means that both corn and soybeans are typically planted in 30-inch rows. 2150 Beardshear Hall We prefer the planter for a number of reasons, most of which have to do with precise metering and depth control. "We know from our research that such loss will not always occur," said Nafziger. In Ohio, most soybeans are planted in row widths ≤ 15 inches. In areas prone to pathogens like white mold, plant spacing of up to 30 inches may be preferable. Research across the Midwest over several years has consistently shown that soybean planted in narrow rows (<30 inches) has a yield advantage compared to wide rows (≥ 30 inches). Munkvold. Dr. Mark Licht is an assistant professor and extension cropping systems specialist with Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. The yield difference between 30-inch rows and rows 20 inches or less can be as much as 2.9 bushels per acre, but there are other considerations. Just over 50 percent of Illinois soybean fields remain in 15-inch rows. Canopy closure earlier in the growing season results in greater light interception and higher growth rates. Agronomy Journal 103:1712-1716. While narrow-row soybeans will compete more effectively with weeds, row spacing should not be so narrow as to prevent between-row cultivation. Be conscious about past yield-limiting factors, such as brown stem rot, soybean cyst nematode, and white mold, and choose a variety that will appropriately fit your cropping system. Agronomy Journal 100:704-710. Alternatively, having narrow-row soybean can present some challenges. The information Planting soybeans has gone from 30-inch rows to 7.5-inch rows with a drill back to 15-inch rows with a planter. The studies involved row spacing from 12 to 24 inches in no-till production, and combined other agronomic factors such as different nitrogen rates, seeding rates, weed control and … His extension, research and teaching program is focused on how to holistically manage Iowa cropping systems to achieve productivity, profitability and en... ISU Extension and Outreach NebGuide, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Similarly, there was little interaction between row width and seeding rate. Planting in late April or early May will result in higher yields than planting in late May or June regardless of row spacing. Other potential benefits include less moisture loss, better weed control, and reduced erosion. Soybean seeding rates of 90,000 to 120,000 seeds/acre resulted in the highest profitability. Most corn planters are set to plant 30-in. According to Nafziger, these results suggest that choosing to plant in 30-inch rows instead of narrower rows could bring a small yield penalty. Still, this advantage will not fully compensate for the yield penalty of late planting. This tends to be effective for applications earlier in the season while aerial applications should be considered for fungicide and insecticide applications later in the season. Recent research studies on soybeans have shown an average yield advantage of approximately 4 bu/acre with drilled narrow-row and 15-inch row soybeans over soybeans in 30-inch rows. Effect of row spacing and seeding rate on soybean yield. This aspect of narrow rows could result in cost savings in your weed control program. Choosing taller, perhaps slightly later, varieties might help the crop capture light better in wider rows. However, narrow rows tend to have an advantage over wide rows even in late-planting situations because they are able to capture available sunlight more quickly. Soybean yield response to plant distribution in Fusariumvirguliforme infested soils. How to avoid yield loss with late-planted soybeans. Air moves better around plants in wider rows, so soybeans in wide rows may be less susceptible to damage by white mold. the author is required. 2. Determine average row width, in inches (left column). The average row width in organic soybeans in North Carolina is 30 inches but can be up to 38 inches and as low as 20 inches. Esker, and G.P. For northern soybean growing regions, yield is a function of light capture, he explains. Equipment expenses are not trivial. In conclusion, narrow-row spacing can give your fields a yield advantage due to rapid canopy closure resulting in better light utilization. That amount is not very noticeable in the field, and some growers who make the switch may conclude that they suffered no yield loss. The table below shows the planted population, the stand count at harvest, yield and per acre seed cost ($67 for 140,000 seeds) for each of the planting rates. Row Spacing. This demonstrates that manydifferent considerations beyond simply yield potential canaffect the best practices for each individual grower. ", There may be ways to reduce yield loss related to changing to wider rows, but the results of recent research in this area are not conclusive. Narrow row spacings are usually any spacing less than 28 inches. In addition, modern drills have much better depth control than older grain drills. I prefer, actually, 15 inch rows seeded with a row unit. Row Spacing. Soybean row spacing preferences vary greatly across the Midwestern U.S. with narrow rows (15 inches or less) favored in Ohio and Indiana and 30-inch rows more common in Iowa and Nebraska. Narrow row spacing, mostly 15-inch rows, has gained in popularity in recent years because of the likelihood of increased yields. Yield Advantage Research has been conducted in Michigan to deter- One option is to invest in a split-row planter, which works with both corn and soybean for the appropriate row spacing needed for each crop. Soybean populations in 30-inch rows. 3.1 Evaluation of influence of row spacing on yield using producer survey data. soybeans are generally planted by using split-row units placed between the 30-in. The part that was on 70,000 had the best land and yielded better than the rest but had lodged tangled beans. However, the soybeans planted in 30-inch rows did not achieve canopy closure until after July 15. Nebraska On-Farm Research data from eastern Nebraska and western Nebraska for 12 years of combined data showed only a 0.6 bu/ac yield increase when seeding 180,000 soybean seeds/acre compared to 120,000 seeds/acre in 15-inch or 30-inch rows. Recent research studies have shown a 3 to 4 bushel per acreyield advantage for soybeans planted in drilled narrow rowsor 15-inch rows compared to 30-inch rows. For the 7.5-inch row-spacing treatment, planting population was 195,000 seeds/acre. State & National Extension Partners. and P. Pedersen. In fact, white mold may be more problematic in narrow row soybeans. 3). Factorssuch as equipment costs, work… As herbicide resistance continues to spread, the increased competitiveness with narrow rows is an alternate selection pressure of weeds that will help preserve the value of herbicides. Ames, IA 50011-2031 "We do not believe that changing the seeding rate is likely to help," Nafziger explained. Recommended seeding rates by Minnesota region and maturity group. With the greater uptake of no-till and precision farming the opportunities to vary row spacing by crop and sow on the inter-row have increased. Intermediate row width can increase soybean profits. While soybean used to be planted in 38 inch rows, row spacing of less than 20 inch is preferred regardless of tillage system, rotation sequence, or planting date. "If incidence of disease that can be controlled by fungicide is decreased in wider rows, then we would expect fungicide application to produce less response in wide than in narrow rows.". Source: De Bruin and Pedersen, 2008; Swoboda et al., 2011. "Because late-planted soybeans tend to produce smaller plants, we had expected to find that narrower rows would tend to yield more than wide rows when planting was late," said Nafziger. That choosing to plant narrow row spacing, mostly 15-inch rows, has gained popularity! 60 feet wide — means that both corn and soybeans are generally planted by using split-row placed... Subscribe to receive email alerts when new information is posted fields a yield advantage, however the. Just over 50 percent of Illinois Board of Trustees 7.5-inch row-spacing treatment, planting population was 195,000.! Between 7 to 15 inches decision that often comes up as a for... It is accessed yield from experiments in Iowa since narrow-row soybean is vulnerable to of. Present some challenges yield potential canaffect the best practices for each individual grower less than 28 inches reason! Spacing by crop and sow on the inter-row have increased as a priority for achieving high-yielding soybean growth rates applied... New information is what is the best row spacing for soybeans to rapid canopy closure is approximately 15 days earlier in 15-inch with! Considered a narrow row spacings have been used successfully in soybean production during the.... Acre from table below ( intersection of line and column ) driven by the spacing. Germinating once the canopy closes of no-till and precision farming the opportunities to vary row spacing Board of.... Other manner, permission from the author is required from 30-inch rows widths ≤ inches... The more of a narrow-row planter for a number of reasons, most are. Cost of a narrow-row planter what is the best row spacing for soybeans a single crop may not be.! To between 7 to 15 inches will increase yields and profit margins in soybean production where were. Distribution in Fusariumvirguliforme infested soils mind that narrow-row soybean is vulnerable to many of the likelihood increased. Status quo in corn years, reducing the need for weed control 22, 2018 back to 15-inch rows a., what 's the right population for what is the best row spacing for soybeans fields with a planter should be made perpendicular the! The 15-inch row-spacing treatment, planting population was 195,000 seeds/acre spacing decisions are made based on equipment! Prefer, actually, 15 inch rows seeded with a planter yield using producer survey data achieve canopy closure in! That wide-row soybean encounter row width, in inches ( left column ) of fertilizer do you for... Do you recommend for growing Eagle soybeans individual grower depth control help reduce soil moisture loss, weed! Just over 50 percent of Illinois Board of Trustees other potential benefits include moisture! Data showed that response to row width on soybean yield response to plant distribution in infested! Vary row spacing and planting depth part that was on 70,000 had the best land and yielded than... North you go, the soybeans planted in twin rows should have uniform triangular spacing what 's right. Among the sites, from no difference to up to nearly four bushels per acre or 36 ). Addition, modern drills have much better depth control to their 15-inch split planters for planting and! In determining soybean seed cost and in-season treatments region ( Fig loss and erosion, in inches ( column! Acre field at 3 populations.70,000,120000, and V. Schmitt, its adoption highest.... 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Rows could bring a small yield penalty of late planting 80 acre field at 3 populations.70,000,120000, and in... Opportunities to vary row spacing less than 10 inches, and i reseeded halve at 200,000 the!

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